The History of Satellites - Sputnik I

History was made on October 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union successfully launched  Sputnik I. The worlds first artificial satellite was about the size of a basketball and weighed only 183 pounds. It took about 98 minutes for Sputnik I to orbit the Earth on its elliptical path. The launch ushered in new political, military, technological, and scientific developments and marked the beginning of the space race between the U.S.and the U.S.S.R. The International Geophysical Year In 1952, the International Council of Scientific Unions decided to establish the International Geophysical Year. It wasnt actually a year but rather more like 18 months, set from July 1, ​1957, to December 31, 1958. Scientists knew that cycles of solar activity would be at a high point at this time. The Council adopted a resolution in October 1954 calling for artificial satellites to be launched during the IGY to map the earths surface. The U.S. Contribution   The White House announced plans to launch an Earth-orbiting satellite for the IGY in July 1955. The government solicited proposals from various research agencies to undertake development of this satellite. NSC 5520, the  Draft Statement of Policy on U.S. Scientific Satellite Program, recommended both the creation of a scientific satellite program as well as the development of satellites for reconnaissance purposes. The National Security Council approved the IGY satellite on May 26, 1955, based on NSC 5520. This event  was announced to the public on July 28 during an oral briefing at the White House. The  governments statement emphasized that the satellite program was intended to be the U.S. contribution to the IGY and that the scientific data was to benefit scientists of all nations. The Naval Research Laboratorys Vanguard proposal for a satellite was chosen in September 1955 to represent the U.S. during the IGY.   Then Came Sputnik I   The Sputnik launch changed everything. As a technical achievement, it caught the worlds attention and the American public off guard. Its size was more impressive than Vanguards intended 3.5-pound payload. The public reacted with fear that the Soviets ability to launch such a satellite would translate to the ability to launch ballistic missiles that could carry nuclear weapons from Europe to the U.S. Then the Soviets struck again: Sputnik II was launched on November 3, carrying a much heavier payload and a dog named Laika. The U.S. Response The U.S. Defense Department responded to the political and public  furor over the Sputnik satellites by approving funding for another U.S. satellite project. As a simultaneous alternative to Vanguard, Wernher von Braun and his Army Redstone Arsenal team began work on a satellite that would become known as Explorer. The tide of the space race changed on January 31,  1958, when the U.S. successfully launched Satellite 1958 Alpha, familiarly known as Explorer I. This satellite carried a small scientific payload that eventually discovered magnetic radiation belts around the Earth. These belts were named after principal investigator James Van Allen. The Explorer program continued as a successful ongoing series of lightweight, scientifically-useful spacecraft.   The Creation of NASA The Sputnik launch also led to the creation of NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Congress passed the National Aeronautics and Space Act, commonly called the Space Act,† in July 1958,  and the Space Act created NASA effective October 1, 1958. It joined NACA, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, with other government agencies. NASA went on to do  pioneering work in space applications, such as communications satellites, in the 1960s. The Echo, Telstar, Relay, and Syncom satellites were built by NASA or by the private sector based on significant NASA advances. In the 1970s, NASAs Landsat program literally changed the way we look at our planet. The first three Landsat satellites were launched in 1972, 1975, and 1978. They transmitted complex data streams back to earth that could be converted into colored pictures. Landsat data has been used in a variety of practical commercial applications since then, including crop management and fault line detection. It tracks many kinds of weather, such as droughts, forest fires, and ice floes. NASA has also been involved in a variety of other earth science efforts as well, such as the Earth Observation System of spacecraft and data processing that has yielded important scientific results in tropical deforestation, global warming, and climate change.

Essay on Music in Jane Austens Persuasion - 1926 Words

Music in Jane Austens Persuasion In Persuasion Jane Austen tells the story of Anne, a young woman who suffers terrible losses yet does not let these losses embitter her. But the death of her mother during Annes youth and the loss of her true love in her early adulthood certainly leave their mark on Anne. She survives with great strength of character, yet she withdraws from life. But Anne does not withdraw alone; she takes her music with her. Music has been called the language of the heart. It has an enduring quality, and it can cross barriers and build bridges. Music moves us. Words, too, can cross barriers, build bridges, and touch our hearts; and like beautiful music, a good story is timeless. In Persuasion, Austen†¦show more content†¦In contrast, for Anne, playing the piano is a way to give pleasure . . . to herself (48) and to others. Anne thinks about Louisa and Henrietta, who are carefree, living to be fashionable, happy, and merry (43). Yet she does not desire to trade places with them b ecause she would not have given up her own more elegant and cultivated mind for all their enjoyments (43). Anne very much values her education and musical training. The marked contrast between Annes and Elizabeths relationship to music also helps to reveal the depth of Annes character. Anne appreciates music while Elizabeth simply uses it. Elizabeth sees music only as a way to further her own social standing. For the last thirteen winters she has open[ed] every ball of credit which [their] scanty neighbourhood afforded (13). In Bath, Elizabeth trails Lady Dalrymple into the concert room, enjoying herself as she tries to be of all the consequence in [her] power, draw as many eyes, excite as many whispers, and disturb as many people as [she] could (175). While both Elizabeth and Anne are very, very happy (175) at this concert, it is for vastly different reasons. Elizabeth is centered on herself, while Anne is centered on the music. She has feelings for the tender, spirits for the gay, attention for the scientific, and patience for the wearisome; and had never liked a concert better (176). The music takes Anne out of herself; its beautyShow MoreRelatedThe Jane Austen789 Words   |  3 Pages Jane Austen was born in Hampshire, England on December 16, 1775. Her father was Reverend George Austen and her mother was Cassandra Leigh Austen. Jane was the youngest daughter of a large, close family. She had six brothers and one sister. She was especially close to her sister and brother, Cassandra and Henry. When Jane was eight, she and her sister were sent to Oxford and then Southampton. Because of an outbreak of typhus, a bacterial disease spread by lice or fleas, Jane nearly died. After thisRead MoreJane Austen and Her Feminism1158 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austen and Her Feminism ---analyzing of feminism revealed in Pride and Prejudice Introduction It is universally acknowledged that Jane Austen was a major woman novelist in English; but it is also a truth that almost as universally ignored that Jane Austen was a feminist. By intensively reading her six novels (Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Northanger Abbey, Mansfield Park, Emma and Persuasion) and studying feminism, I have found some significant and fresh thingsRead MoreJane Austen s All About Jane1442 Words   |  6 Pages All About Jane Jane Austen may be a name that is known by everyone, however, many do not know about the personal experiences that led her to write the significant literature that she is known for today. Jane Austen lived a very successful life. Born on December 16, 1775, Jane Austen’s novels about life in England in the eighteenth century very well influenced by her own childhood. 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The main character, Anne Elliot, has suffered unhappiness afterRead MoreËÆ∠«Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ€žÃƒ ¤Ãƒâ€šÃƒâ€¡Ã¢â€° ¤ÃƒÅ Ãƒâ€" ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢Ë† Ãƒ ©Ãƒâ€šÃƒâ€¦Ãƒ ¨Ãƒâ€¹ÃƒÅ¸Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ€žÃƒ £Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢Ë† Ã¢â€°  Ãƒ Ãƒ ¶Ãƒâ€˜Ãƒ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ Ãƒâ€°Ãƒâ€"ËßÇÂà ­Ãƒ ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ©Ãƒ ¶Ãƒâ€šÃƒÅ¸Ã‚ ªÃƒâ€¹ÃƒÅ¸Ãƒâ€¡4201 Words   |  17 Pagesis one of Jane Austen’s famous book, being the representative of realistic literature. It portrays, with special sensitive characteristic of female writers, the life and ideas of middle class who live in countryside. This novel makes an analysis of human nature and then stick up readers to think over social relations. This novel takes young people’s marriage as the thread and it covers the inheritance of fortune, women’s social status, ethics and customs. Being the masterpiece of Jane Austen, it

Anne Boleyn Essay Example For Students

Anne Boleyn Essay Whoso List to Hunt by Thomas Wyatt is again a typical Petrarchian sonnet. Though rather than describing the beauty of his lover Wyatt prefers to write of the loss of his freedom to woo her. The reader presumes the poem is about Wyatts supposed lover Anne Boleyn who became the second wife of Henry VIII. Possibly the poem refers to Anne Boleyn, who was chased by Henry VIII. Wyatt is supposed to have warned the King against her as she was too free with her favours. (http://www. shakespeares-sonnets. com/Wyatt2. htm#anchor003) Throughout the sonnet Wyatt likens his lover to a deer Whoso list to hunt, I know where is an hind. He explains that anyone can hunt her if they want to but he may not But as for me alas, I may no more. He speaks of his pursuit of her and her wildness like the wind; Since in a net I seek to hold the wind. She is impossible to catch. The most significant part of this poem is the last four lines. And graven with diamonds in letters plain There is written, her fair neck round about. Noli me tangere, for Caesars I am,And wild for to hold, though I seem tame. The words Noli me tangere are Latin, they mean touch me not as Anne now belongs to the king, this links to the bible as this is what Jesus said to Mary Magdalene after the resurrection. Also it is said that the deer in Caesars forest wore a collar with a similar inscription to warn people against hunting them. It also links to a famous tale of Henry VIII and Wyatt, when they were arguing over a tennis game and Henry produced a necklace belonging to Anne to prove his point, meaning he had won the game and Anne. (http://mths. metamora. k12. il. us/Departments/english/ronane/Renaissance%20Project/Wyatt. htm) They Flee from Me by Thomas Wyatt is written in three 7 line stanzas and alternate rhyming couplets. This poem, it is likely, could also speak of the loss of Anne Boleyn to the king as well as the change in power from the man to the woman. In Elizabethan times a man would rarely complain of rejection from a woman as he would move onto the next fairly soon. Her power over him comes out in her questioning, dear heart, how like you this? This time, she is the pleasure giver (http://rpo. library. utoronto. ca/poem/2407. html) The first stanza explains the woman who once came to him at his command now runs from him presumably to the arms of another man. The second stanza remembers her when he was under her power and she had control over him, she seduced him instead of him seducing her as was common at the time. And she me caught in her arms long and small. In the third stanza he wants to believe that her flight was a dream but he is wrong. She has left and forgotten him, into a strange fashion of forsaking. The last two lines explain that she treated him so kindly but he will never find out what he could give her in return as he never got the chance; But since that I so kindly am served, I would fain know what she deserved. In each poem the mistress is portrayed in a different way. In the first Shall I Compare Thee to a Summers Day by Shakespeare, the mistress is shown in the conventional way; unmatchable charm and exaggerated beauty. In the second My Mistress Eyes are Nothing Like the Sun Shakespeare does not talk of beauty at all in fact his mistress in not considered beautiful at all, but he loves her just as much as he would had she been Venus herself. In the first of Wyatts poems covered in my essay the mistress is likened to a deer, free and a bit wild that has been caught and taken from him. The second of Wyatts and final poem in my essay the mistress is portrayed as a woman so incredible and maybe beautiful that she is capable of having power over man and then leaving him for someone else. .u70f27c34d59387edad6724bd5a50dfed , .u70f27c34d59387edad6724bd5a50dfed .postImageUrl , .u70f27c34d59387edad6724bd5a50dfed .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u70f27c34d59387edad6724bd5a50dfed , .u70f27c34d59387edad6724bd5a50dfed:hover , .u70f27c34d59387edad6724bd5a50dfed:visited , .u70f27c34d59387edad6724bd5a50dfed:active { border:0!important; } .u70f27c34d59387edad6724bd5a50dfed .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u70f27c34d59387edad6724bd5a50dfed { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u70f27c34d59387edad6724bd5a50dfed:active , .u70f27c34d59387edad6724bd5a50dfed:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u70f27c34d59387edad6724bd5a50dfed .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u70f27c34d59387edad6724bd5a50dfed .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u70f27c34d59387edad6724bd5a50dfed .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u70f27c34d59387edad6724bd5a50dfed .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u70f27c34d59387edad6724bd5a50dfed:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u70f27c34d59387edad6724bd5a50dfed .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u70f27c34d59387edad6724bd5a50dfed .u70f27c34d59387edad6724bd5a50dfed-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u70f27c34d59387edad6724bd5a50dfed:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Part One - Shakespeare"s Alleged Blunders in Legal Terminology EssayEach woman is portrayed in a different way the first conventional the others not so conventional showing four different ways in which Elizabethan poets represented their mistresses in their poetry. Bibliography Katherine Duncan-Jones, (1997) Shakespeares Sonnets, London, Thompson Learning, pages 146/7 and 374/5 www. shakespeares-sonnets. com/Wyatt2. htm#anchor003 mths. metamora. k12. il. us/Departments/english/ronane/Renaissance%20Project/Wyatt. htm rpo. library. utoronto. ca/poem/2407. html Rachael Watkinson English 08/07/2008.

Auto Parts Industry Analysis Essay Example For Students

Auto Parts Industry Analysis Essay For example, at a trough, just before the economy begins to recover from recession, one would expect that cyclical industries, those with aboveground sensitivity to the state of the economy would tend to outperform other industries. Examples of cyclical industries are producers of durable goods, such as automobiles or washing machines, It means that sales are particularly SENSITIVE to macroeconomic conditions. Other cyclical industries are producers of capital goods. Goods used by other firms to produce their own products. These above written facts are absolutely related to the auto parts industry, which could mean that their industry should be very sensitive comparing to other industries, In English the UAPITA goods industry is going to bear the brunt of slowdown BLITZ does well in an expansion, have used historical data of the five stocks to calculate sigma, betas etc. Based on realized returns eve can estimate mean returns and volatility as well as the tendency for security return s to co-vary_ Company Information about the researched firms: American Inc. ARGON: Nasdaq; Cyclical Consumer Goods Services/Auto / Truck / Motorcycle Parts American Incorporated (American) designs, develops and markets products based on its advanced, efficient thermoelectric device (TED) cosmologies for a range of global markets and heating and cooling applications. The Companys principal product is Climate Control Seat (CSS), which it sells to automobile and light truck original equipment manufacturers or their tier one suppliers. The CSS provides year-round comfort to automotive seat occupants by producing both active heating and cooling. As of December 2009, it had shipped approximately 5. 3 million units of its CSS product to customers. Its CSS product is offered as an optional or standard feature on 44 automobile models produced by Ford Motor Company General Motors, Toyota Motor Corporation, Ionians, Data Motors, Ltd. And Hounded, Epic] American stock prices started to fall at the beginning of 2008 . In my understanding it means that they depends on General Motors very much, and that time GM has not so good performance. They lost their competitive advantage and this is showed via chart in case of American as well, Half year later the financial crisis hit them till the bottom, but as you can see and thanks for interventions and bailouts they started to come back very nicely. However the stock price is still the half ( 7,5$ ) as it was. Williams Controls Inc. WOMB: Nasdaq; Cyclical Consumer Goods Services/Auto / Truck Motorcycle Parts Williams Controls, Inc. Designs, manufactures and sells electronic throttle controls and pneumatic controls, and the Company has begun selling electronic sensors for heavy trucks, transit buses and off-road equipment. The Company also produces a line of pneumatic control products, which are sold to the same customer base as its electronic throttle controls. These pneumatic products are used for vehicle control system applications, such as power take-offs and air- control applications. The Company also sells sensors as separate product line, which includes two sensor technologies: contacting and Nan-contacting. The Company sells the majority of its products directly to heavy truck, transit bus and off-road original equipment manufacturers worldwide, Its customers include The Volvo Group, Pacer, Inc. Daimler Trucks AN, Invariants International Corporation, Caterpillar, Inc. And Hounded Motor, Co. WOMB stock prices shows fall in the early 2008. As have mentioned before, this was the beginning of the crisis of American Automobile industry. The stock prices were declining dramatically after 15 Swept 2008. For them the worst time was at the beginning of 2003. Commercial Vehicle Group Inc. CIVIC: Nasdaq ; Cyclical Consumer Goods Services/Auto / Truck / Motorcycle Commercial Vehicle Group, Inc. C.V.) Is a supplier of fully integrated system solutions for the global commercial vehicle market, including the heavy-duty truck market, the construction and agriculture markets and the specialty and military transportation markets. The Companys products include static and suspension seat systems, electronic wire harness assemblies, controls and switches, cab structures and components, interior trim systems (including instrument panels, door panels, headliners, cabinetry and floor systems), mirrors ND wiper systems specifically designed for applications in commercial vehicles. Alexander the great EssayAfter the financial crisis maybe the company need more time to recover and they cannot invest into other sectors so the impact of financial crisis so more serious than by their competitors. Returns shows contract low level. BETA Beta is also a measure of risk and the sensitivity of stocks returns to the return on the market portfolio. Have calculated beta and on the figures it performs as the slope of the diagram. The benchmark is SSP 500, however was thinking about seeing NasDaQ According to the CAMP beta is a systematic sis that cannot be diversified away. We hue to know that beta is measuring the covariance movement and not the volatility. Have provided graphs to illustrate betas better_let also shows r-square, which means that in practice 0. 03565 means that 3. 56% of the stocks performance is explained by its risk exposure, as measured by bet Analyzing Beta of stocks table it seems that in most cases the risk = beta has grown after 15 Swept 2008. ARGON 2,2565 increased to 2,4891. The most significant rise Of beta was CIVIC from I , AS to 2,39. As CIVIC stock diagram shows they are still on low level. Why has decreased betas of WOMB and FAYS As know beta shows risk, so in financial crisis every company should show bigger beta as in the previous period. EVEN so beta so WOMB and FAYS has decreased which financially means that these stock are not so risky as they were before. Could explain it as a reaction of the bailouts and the sensitivity. The US government reacted firstly for the crisis. The big Automobile manufacturers were helped , so as Auto parts industry depends on auto manufacturers, the bailouts has a very good effect for the stocks of capital goods sector.